Social Work Profession The Elizabethan Poor Law And The...

Adriana Trevino* Im alittle confused on question one . I have two answers for question one.1) The two important movement that helped shaped social work profession is the Elizabethan Poor Law and the Industrial revolution . Before these two movements in early european history the church, families and neighbors . However , when the feudal system was developed families were unable to take care of them. The first movement was the Elizabthan Poor Law movement. this was were passed as a response to the increasing number of poor in Great Britain. But the feudal system began to crumble and the tenant farmers lost their land. The law had three categories of relief recipients; the able-bodied poor , the impotent poor , and dependent children. This law was to empahsize on self-help, and benefactions were almost invariably restricted to the deserving poor of the immediate neighborhood. The second movement was the Industrial Revolution. This was made by the two themes of Protestant ethic and th e Laissez-faire economic view. Prior to the revolution there were a few communities that had a large communites in the thousand however there was not enough employment opprotunites . So this idea of the Protestant ethic was an important effect on socail welfare. The idea emphazied individualism; one is the master of his own fate. this idea of how a person was judge by material goods not based by their personalities. The laissez-faire asserted that the economy and society in general would bestShow MoreRelatedHistory of Social Work1714 Words   |  7 PagesThe development of Social Work in the United Kingdom, United States and Australia has developed and evolved, influencing people and professionals across the world. Social Work has advanced through welfare policies and programs with significant historical changes occurring and a shift in religious and political views allowing these changes to benefit members of society and address social issues. Key events such as the Elizabethan Po or Law, the industrial revolution, the first charity organised societyRead MorePoverty and Social Work Essay example8858 Words   |  36 PagesFrom Poor Law to Welfare State: A History of Social Welfare in America- Walter I. Trattner Chapter 1: The Background The chapter traces the origin of welfare practices and caring for the needy from primitive times to the Elizabethan Poor Laws. References include Hammurabi, a Babylonian ruler who included protection of the vulnerable a part of his code in 2000 BC and the ancient Greeks and Romans (including Aristotle, 384-322 BC) who considered giving to charity a virtue. Perhaps more importantRead MoreHistory of Social Work18530 Words   |  75 PagesInstitute of Social Sciences Compiled by S.Rengasamy-History of Social Welfare / Social Work Contents History of Social Welfare/ Social Work ..........................................................................................................................3 The need to understand history of social work .............................................................................................................3 Framework to understand History of Social Welfare / Social Work ........

Essay Irony as an Instrument - 1244 Words

Irony as an Instrument Its 7:09 am and Olivia is woken up by a wetness between her legs. She looks down and finds that the wetness is actually her water that broke. She anxiously wakes up her husband John, and the two of them quickly gather their things. After nine long months of waiting, John and Olivia are finally on their way to the hospital to welcome their first child into the world. The two have already chosen Jacob Alexander as the babys name and have the nursery ready for him at home. Once at the hospital, Olivia and John meet with their doctor, Dr. Rodriguez, who assures the anxious couple that everything will be fine and their new son will be in their arms in just a matter of hours. It is now 8:22 am and the pain from†¦show more content†¦John...John. With a growing sound of his name, John is woken up by Olivia saying, John...Its time. What is irony and why do readers respond to it? Perhaps these questions can be answered by looking at An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge by Ambrose Bierce as well as the story I wrote above. Both stories contain the element of irony, presenting a discrepancy between what is expected and what actually occurs in the text (G17). Although there are several similarities and differences between the writing styles of the story I wrote and that of An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, one aspect remains the same: the significance of irony. Irony can be used as an instrument to provoke different emotions and generate a sense of shock or confusion in the reader. In order to express the power of irony in An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, Bierce incorporates distinct elements of writing that draw readers to this story. Immediately, Bierce begins the story in medias res, a narrative device of beginning a story midway in the events it depicts, usually at an exciting or significant moment (G17). As a result, readers are thrown into a situation with no explanation of how or why they are there. Initially, feelings of uncertainty and confusion persist, h owever readers are soon filled in as the story progresses. Bierce also incorporates meticulous descriptions of events that take place within the story. For instance, including greatShow MoreRelatedLoss in Hardys The Convergence of the Twain and Kiplings Harp Song of the Dane Women618 Words   |  3 Pagesthe word vanity is used, it shows irony in the poem. The Titanic was said to be unsinkable and when the word vanity is used in the line deep from human vanity, it shows the ship was a product of mans pride and it is vain towards the fact it was said to be unsinkable. ====================================================================== The second and final line in this verse uses some alliteration and links to he irony of human vanity. It says, And the PrideRead MoreIrony in Pride and Prejudice995 Words   |  4 PagesIrony in Pride and Prejudice Irony forms the alma mater of Jane Austen’s novels. Likewise, â€Å"Pride and Prejudice† is steeped in irony of theme, situation, character, and narration. Austen uses it to establish the contrast between appearance and reality. As one examines â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†, one discovers the ironic significance of how pride leads to prejudice and prejudice invites pride. Importantly, the novel elucidates how both â€Å"Pride† and â€Å"Prejudice† have their corresponding virtues bound upRead MoreEssay on Tell-tale Heart Literary Analysis723 Words   |  3 PagesThis particular one focuses on the events leading the death of an old man, and the events afterwards. Thats the basics of it, but there are many deep meanings hidden in the three page short story. Poe uses techniques such as first person narrative, irony and style to pull off a believable sense of paranoia. In this particular story, Poe decided to write it in the first person narrative. This technique is used to get inside the main characters head and view his thoughts and are often exciting. TheRead MoreA Cask of Amontillado Essay: Theme of Masonry544 Words   |  3 Pagesunredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong(209). While Montresor endeavors to make his vengeance known to Fortunato, the authors references to Masonry in his use of characterization, setting and irony indicate Montresors motive. Fortunato throws back a bottle of wine in a gesticulation [Montresor] did not understand, a sign of the Masons, a secret society of which he affirms he is a member (212). This secrecy is emulated in Montresors slaughterRead MoreRevenge Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare892 Words   |  4 Pagestragedy caused by revenge; Prince Hamlet’s retribution for his father, King Hamlet’s murder and Laertes vengeance for his father, Polonius’ murder. 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The speakerRead MoreMutability By Percy Shelley1384 Words   |  6 Pagesregardless of how radiantly we may shine, we are like clouds at night that are overshadowed. The second stanza is rich in imagery, which Shelley uses to narrate his points. He depicts humans again, this time as forgotten lyres [stringed musical instruments of the harp family], whose dissonant strings/ Give various response to each varying blast,/ To whose frail frame no second motion brings/ One mood or modulation like the last(Lines 5-9). Shelley describes the simple beauty that humans can be asRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Juxtaposition Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagesmeaning of Shakespeares genius writing. A technique of writing William Shakespeare often uses in his plays like ‘Romeo and Juliet’ is juxtaposition. This technique puts two unlike things next to each other. Shakespeare uses juxtaposition to show the irony, drama, and the different views between characters to give his storys depth. In ‘Romeo and Juliet† Shakespeare uses juxtaposition to show the opinions of two compatible characters. In the first act, Capulet discusses with Paris a business deal toRead MoreAnimal Farm Character Analysis938 Words   |  4 Pages George Orwell is a celebrated novelist well known for his political satire in the fairy tale, Animal Farm. The theme of power in the book is recurring and greatly present throughout the piece. Through the use of characterization, conflict, and irony, Orwell shows that those in the position of power can become like its predecessor. Orwell demonstrates that those in power can become like their predecessor through characterization. One example comes from page 107: At about half pastRead MoreIrony In Alexander Popes Epistle1639 Words   |  7 Pages IRONY IN POPE’S EPISTLES Irony as a literary tool was utilized to its full potential by one of the most celebrated poet and satirist of the eighteenth century, Alexander Pope. 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Health Needs Assessment Process Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(116) " accent on the joint attempts of persons, the province of their ain wellness and besides their households ‘ \." Public wellness is concerned with the local population ‘s wellness and takes into consideration the economic, societal and environmental factors of both communities and persons. Health visitants clearly have a major portion to play in the function of public wellness, which has become a high precedence over the last decennary ( Cowley, 2008 ) . There has clearly been a move off from a medical theoretical account towards a societal theoretical account of attention which requires wellness visitants to hold specialised accomplishments and cognition in order to measure a household holistically. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Needs Assessment Process Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through a wellness needs appraisal, the wellness visitant can place the demands of a population and so concentrate on an intercession that would profit the population ‘s unmet demands ( Peterson and Alexander 2001 ) . The purpose of this assignment will be to place, utilizing the wellness needs assessment procedure, an issue that needs readdressing. The identified wellness demand will be analysed and so a service or intercession will be created in order to cut down wellness inequalities and better wellness ( Health Development Agency 2004 ) . The National Institute for Clinical Excellence ( Cavanagh A ; Chadwick, 2005 ) provides an in deepness model to follow which will assist to turn to the chosen wellness demand. Using the model, and a combination of grounds taken from epidemiology and theory, will heighten the determination devising procedure. The population chosen to concentrate on will be female parents who suffer from postpartum depression. A population can be geographical, a client group or people with peculiar wellness jobs ( Calman, 1999 ) . The appraisal will look at the demands of these female parents. The chief purpose will be to supply an intercession that reduces the strength of the unwellness and the figure of female parents enduring from postpartum depression. The principle for taking this population is that postpartum depression can be seen as a important public wellness job ( Sharp et al, 2010 ) . It can besides hold a important negative impact on the lives of the female parents, their babes and their households. Beck ( 2006 ) writes how postpartum depression is, ‘ †¦ a serious temper upset that can stultify a adult female ‘s first few months as a new female parent. ‘ There appears to be a deficiency of services available for female parents with postpartum depression and we need to see, ‘Is there any point in placing adult females with PND if we have no services to offer them? ‘ Public wellness is defined in the Acheson study as, ‘the scientific discipline and art of forestalling disease, protracting life and advancing wellness through the organized attempts of society. ‘ ( Acheson, 1988 ) . This definition clearly reflects the indispensable focal point of today ‘s public wellness. Ten old ages subsequently Acheson completed a farther study which looked at inequalities in wellness ( Acheson 1998 ) . Both these studies have been the development and consequence of many public wellness associated paperss. Oliver and Nutheam ( 2003 ) point out that these new authorities policies have been developed to ‘explicitly turn to bing wellness inequalities, ‘ following the election of the new Labour authorities in 1997. Health publicity can be seen as a comprehensive political and societal method. It is non merely aimed at bettering an person ‘s capablenesss and accomplishments, but besides looking at doing alterations to environmental, societal and economic issues in order to cut down their impact on both single and public wellness ( WHO, 1998 ) . Mitcheson ( 2008 ) suggests that wellness publicity is about assisting people to hold the capablenesss and resources to take control of and better their wellness demands. A phrase by Milio, ( 1986 ) , suitably sums up wellness publicity by stating ; ‘Making the healthy pick the easier pick. ‘ Acheson ( 1998 ) negotiations about the ‘upstream ‘ and ‘downstream ‘ public wellness schemes in which wellness publicity can be seen as an upstream attack, concentrating on preventive steps. As wellness publicity is reasonably complex, there are a figure of different wellness publicity approaches that can be used. The pick of attack can depend on the wellness need assessment and the purposes ( Ewles A ; Simnett, 2003 ) . Models, which are a type of theoretical model, can be utile for planning, implementing and measuring intercessions. The wellness publicity theoretical account is defined by Naidoo A ; Wills ( 2000 ) , as ‘ †¦ .a manner of associating thoughts and demoing the relationship between theory and pattern. ‘ There have been a assortment of different writers that have produced theoretical accounts for wellness demands appraisals such as Tones and Green, 2004 ( wellness belief theoretical account ) and Tones and Tilford, 2001, ( wellness action theoretical account ) . Roden ( 2004 ) criticises the wellness belief theoretical account by stating that it focuses on a medical attack to wellness publicity instead than a holistic position. A series of paperss and documents on wellness and wellbeing, have emerged from the Department of Health and other associated authorities sections. Several of these paperss highlight the importance of the function of the wellness visitant for advancing mental wellness. Initially in 1997, The New NHS ; Modern, Dependable ( DoH, 1997 ) , this focuses on the authorities ‘s vision to do the necessary alterations to better and undertake sick wellness and inequalities. Other paperss that are comparative to this assignment include: The NHS Plan: Switching the balance of power ( DoH, 2000 ) , Making a Difference ( DoH, 1999a ) , Our Health, Our Care, Our Say ( DoH, 2006 ) , Choosing Health ( DoH, 2004 ) , Report of the Chief Medical Officer ‘s Undertaking to Strengthen the Public Health Function, ( DoH, 2001 ) , Salvaging Lifes: Our Healthier Nation ( DoH, 1999b ) , discusses the demand to diminish the hazards associated with different mental unwellnesss and besides highlights the effects of depression on both the female parent and kid. Every Child Matters ( DfES, 2004 ) and Procuring Good Health for the Population ( Wanless, 2004 ) . A definition that reflects authorities policy has been provided by Wanless as, ‘the scientific discipline and art of forestalling disease, protracting life and advancing wellness through the organized attempts and informed picks of society, administrations, public and private communities and persons, ‘ ( Wanless 2004, p.3. ) . This definition appears to be more appropriate for the twenty-first century as it puts more accent on the joint attempts of persons, the province of their ain wellness and besides their households ‘ . You read "Health Needs Assessment Process Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" The definition besides has the extra construct of informed pick and duty for administrations to work collaboratively in order to advance public wellness. This can be seen as a manner of auth orising communities. It can be seen that persons, communities and all wellness professionals have a portion to play in public wellness publicity, bar of sick wellness and wellness protection. These are indispensable demands for the function of the wellness visitant. The Standards for Proficiency for the specializer community public wellness nurse ( NMC, 2004 ) and the wellness sing rules defined in the, Council for the Education and Training of Health Visitors ( CETHV, 1977 ) , place the four chief spheres that define the needed proficiencies. These are: ‘the hunt for wellness demands, influence on policies impacting wellness, facilitation of wellness heightening activities and the stimulation of the consciousness of wellness demands. ‘ From these rules, and including the 10 occupational criterions for public wellness ( Prime R A ; D Ltd for Skills for Health 2003 ) , it can be seen that overall the purpose is to advance and protect the wellness of the population. Health visitants have ever had an of import function to play in the publicity of public wellness in the community. Over the old ages, the Numberss of wellness visitants has declined. The public wellness curate, Anne Milton ( 2010 ) , admits the profession ‘has been eroded dramatically over the past decennary. ‘ Since the study of the decease of Victoria Climbie ( Laming, 2003 ) , and aboard this the new Children ‘s Act ( 2004 ) there has been acknowledgment of the difference that wellness visitants can do. This has had a considerable consequence on the wellness visitants ‘ function. Health visitants are seen as cardinal confederates in primary attention for implementing new statute law and bettering results for the immature and vulnerable. However Thornhurst ( 2009 ) , writes how the wellness visitants ‘ function has become so centred around kid protection that there is now less clip for them to work in the community, deciding the societal issues that co ntribute to the kid protection instances. This appears to be a go oning public wellness argument. Prior to doing any alterations to better wellness, we need to get down by happening out what the wellness demands are and how, within a population, they can be assessed. Health needs appraisal is defined by Wright et Al ( 2006 ) , as ‘ †¦ . a systematic method of placing unmet wellness and wellness attention demands of a population and doing alterations to run into these unmet demands. ‘ The purpose of the wellness demands appraisal is to look at current informations and information gathered from different beginnings. The information will so be analysed to find any alterations that may necessitate to be made in order to run into the identified wellness demand. It besides involves a assortment of professionals every bit good as the general populace ( Haughley, 2008 ) . Decisions will be made in order to accomplish good results for the population ; resources available will necessitate to be considered. A needs appraisal can assist with doing determinations. The Nationa l Institution for Clinical Excellence ( NICE, 2005 ) provides a model that is robust and it provides systematic cues to steer you through the wellness needs assessment procedure.The model was produced by Cananagh and Chadwick, ( 2005 ) . One of the strengths of the model is that it ‘s an easy and simple procedure to follow ( Coverdale and Lancaster, 2006 ) . This model should non be used entirely but in concurrence with other theoretical accounts as this will assist steer practicians through the procedure. Haughey ( 2008 ) describes the wellness needs appraisal as a manner of garnering parts in order to finish a ‘jigsaw. ‘ The essay will now see the chosen population within the writer ‘s country of pattern and a wellness needs appraisal will follow. Through observation in pattern, it is clear that the wellness visitant is good placed to place any early symptoms of postpartum depression ( DOH, 2003 ) . The National Service Framework for Mental Health ( DOH, 1999c ) recommends that wellness visitants need to utilize their everyday visits for accessing postpartum depression and for handling the identified milder instances. However, recent research suggests that due to cuts in the Numberss of wellness visitants and the deficiency of clip available to go to excess preparation for measuring depression and psychological support attacks, most wellness visitants are unable to to the full back up down female parents ( Brugha et al, 2010 ) . Despite the well known grounds to demo the impact of postpartum depression on the female parent and her household every bit good as the long term impact on the babe, less than 50 % of station natal instances are indentified. A qualitative reappraisal of 40 surveies revealed that a adult females ‘s inability to uncover their existent feelings proved to be a general barrier for seeking aid ( Dennis A ; Chung-Lee, 2006 ) . Beck, ( 2006 ) writes how wellness practicians fail to observe postpartum depression as they ‘do n’t cognize what to look for. He besides suggests that female parents frequently hide their depression. For the instances where postpartum depression is identified, there appears to be a deficiency of services to back up them ( Hewitt et al, 2009 ) . Raising consciousness of the demand to place and back up female parents with postpartum depression includes the function of the SCPHN and is besides highlighted in the public wellness definition. Epidemiology is the survey of diseases of populations and is a major scientific discipline that underpins public wellness. Epidemiology allows us to understand diseases and the causes, place groups that are peculiarly affected and understand the effectivity of intercessions for undertaking identified jobs ( Heller et al, 2001 ) . Epidemiology of postpartum depression appears to be ill understood. Up to day of the month official national figures for postpartum depression have proved hard to garner and the information that is available gives conflicting figures. There is a certain sum of statistical grounds around the prevalence of mental unwellness but a limited sum of statistics that focus on postpartum depression. The information that will be used for the intent of this paper and which has been most often quoted, has been sourced from the NHS ( 2009 ) , which suggests that 1 in 10 adult females will endure from postpartum depression and MIND ( 2008 ) which besides suggests 1 in 10 a dult females, the NICE guidelines ( 2006 ) and the NSF – MH figures ( DOH, 2007c ) , show a prevalence of 10-15 % of adult females with postpartum depression. In England and Wales, this is between 64,000 and 94,000 adult females a twelvemonth. Health visitants are unable to name postpartum depression, if they detect, utilizing a scope of showing tools, or recognize marks and symptoms of station natal depression so this information can be recorded in the female parent ‘s maternal wellness subdivision. No caseload informations can be collected to demo the prevalence or badness of postpartum depression. A diagnosing will trust on the female parent taking to go to an assignment with her G.P.. Following a meeting with one of the local G.P.s, in the writer ‘s country of work it was discovered that the primary attention databases that G.P.s usage have a assortment of ‘read codifications ‘ to separate diagnosings and symptoms, nevertheless the read codification that high spots postpartum depression requires the G.P. to travel on and finish a drawn-out questionnaire with the female parent. For a female parent with postpartum depression this might intend that the G.P.s are taking other read codifications, for illustration, anxiousness where no questionnaire is required. This could be seen as a possible barrier for placing female parents with postpartum depression. Many wellness visitants do non hold entree to the G.P.s notes. If a female parent has seen her GP and postpartum depression has been identified so unless there is good communicating between the GP and the wellness visitant the female parent may be left without the full aid and support that she may necessitate. Postnatal depression will hold the same characteristic symptoms as clinical depression, such as weepiness, loss of enjoyment in life, low temper, loss of assurance, kiping jobs, feelings of guilt, self blame and sometimes self-destructive ideas. For a diagnosings to be made three or more of these symptoms ( which have persisted for at least two hebdomads ) will be identified ( Davies, 2000 ) . There does non look to be a individual cause of postpartum depression, some experts consider it is due to hormonal alterations whilst others suggest a combination of psychological and societal factors ( Clinical cognition sum-ups, 2010 ) . Postnatal depression usually develops during the first three postpartum months ( Cox et al, 1993 ) . Research shows that for the female parent, PND has considerable wellness deductions, it can besides consequence her long term relationships, have an inauspicious consequence on the male parents and perchance the remainder of the household ( Stein et al 2008 ) . There is besides significant research grounds to demo that the effects on the babe can include disturbed forms of communicating, expose unresponsive or retreat behavior and longer term damages in cognitive and emotional development ( Meredith A ; Noller, 2003 ) . Following the grounds, prevalence and the possible major wellness deductions of postpartum depression, the accent sited by NICE for the demand of early designation, diagnosing and intervention of postpartum intervention, during both the antenatal and postpartum period appears to be wholly justifiable ( NICE, 2007a ) . The most recent comprehensive reappraisal on identifying and measuring methods used to place PND was by NICE ( 2007b ) . Following this reappraisal, clinical counsel was produced on the direction of antenatal and postpartum mental wellness. Designation of adult females with postpartum depression may hold already been completed during an prenatal visit. During a visit a female parent can be asked about her history and if she has experienced any old episodes of depression. However, due to the deficit of wellness visitants, heavy work load and because of other committednesss, it may be that non all female parents are seen for prenatal assignments, ( Shakespeare, 2001 ) . Holocene and up to day of the month research continues to corroborate the effectivity of the function of wellness visitants in cut downing postpartum depression ( Brugha et al, 2010 ) . The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale is a client centred attack that helps to bring out postpartum depression in female parents tha t might otherwise travel undetected. It uses a ego coverage, 10-item questionnaire that focuses on how the female parent felt the old hebdomad. A mark of 12 or over is considered ‘probable depression ‘ , whilst a lower mark of 9/10 suggests ‘possible depression, ‘ ( Cox et al, 1987 ) . Following a recent survey to place methods for accessing postpartum depression, the EPDS was the most often explored, simple, precise, safe and preferable cost-efficient tool ( Hewitt et al, 2009 ) . The Community Practitioners and Health Visitors ‘ Association recommends that along with the EPDS, the wellness visitant besides needs to include her ain clinical appraisal. A late published qualitative survey by Slade et. Al. ( 2010 ) , reports how ‘symptom designation ‘ through the usage of the EPDS has helped adult females to see that the wellness visitant is ‘there for them, ‘ every bit good as the babe. However one of the ascertained negative issu es sing the EPDS is that adult females from other civilizations have troubles understanding and make fulling in the questionnaire, even though there are some EPDS sheets translated into other linguistic communications. ‘Depression ‘ is non ever culturally recognised in other states ( Barclay A ; Kent 1998 ) . Once a female parent has been identified by the wellness visitant or diagnosed by the GP for postpartum depression, so consideration can be explored into why some female parents fare better than others in mental good being. Health determiners can be utile to see, Dahlgren and Whitehead ‘s theoretical account ‘Determinants of Health, ‘ can be utile to assist research and construct a profile of a local community. Health results and inequalities can be greatly influenced both positively or negatively by persons and communities. Health can be strongly influenced by the manner people live their lives including the conditions in which they live and work, by household, friends and societal webs, ( Marmote A ; Wilkinson, 2003 ) . For illustration a societal determiner such as a deficiency of household or community support might exacerbate or negatively impact on a female parent with postpartum depression. However, good support could hold a powerful and positive impact on a n person ‘s wellness. Step three of the HNA will now follow. This portion of the procedure will direct the practician to set up a helpful and acceptable intercession. Literature environing postpartum depression appears to concentrate on the effectivity of support groups ( Alakus et al, 2007, Dennis A ; Chung-Lee, 2006 ) . The Royal College of Psychiatrists, et Al ( 2000 ) compose how support in the prenatal period can cut down the badness of PND. More late, Dennis et Al ( 2004 ) writes that PND can be hard to foretell antenatally and suggests that preventive methods have chiefly proved uneffective. Cox in 1986 wrote how support groups during the postpartum period can be ‘one of the most successful agencies of intervention. ‘ Dennis, et Al, ( 2009 ) writes how support groups are good acknowledged in literature as valuable for cut downing and handling depression. For this wellness needs appraisal, it seems that a pilot postpartum support group would be appropriate. In the country where the writ er works there is presently no group running to back up female parents with postpartum depression. The complexness of PND and the attention required can be complex, so a whole squad attack will be needed, alternatively of an single 1. This will guarantee the attention needed will be successfully provided. When sing the wellness needs intercession a squad will be required to take it. Ideally the squad would dwell of the wellness visitant, G.P.s, baby’s room nurses and a community mental wellness nurse. For the intercession to be successful so the squad will necessitate to hold: a shared vision, an apprehension of each other ‘s functions within the squad, a well-thought-of leader to drive the intercession frontward, a sound action program, flexibleness, and the ability to work collaboratively ( Hill et al, 2007 ) . Collaborative working has been greatly emphasised over the last few old ages in a assortment of paperss and is besides considered an of import function of the SCPHN ( NMC, 2004 ) who works within a community, aboard multidisciplinary bureaus to better wellnes s and good being, this is besides reflected in the last portion of Acheson ‘s definition, ‘ †¦ through the organized attempts of society. ‘ There are frequently barriers that can negatively impact effectual collaborative working such as, deficiency of communicating, clip limitations, differing positions and values and frequently troubles even obtaining a room to run into in, ( Almond A ; Cowley, 2008 ) . The support group will be a good illustration to show collaborative working between professionals and services utilizations. Once a squad had been brought together, a locale would be decided for the support group. The local certain start kids ‘s Centre would be an ideal locale. Certain start Centres are a authorities enterprise which purpose is to give kids the best possible start in life, ( DOH, 2007 ) . The country the writer works in is a rural location with limited public conveyance. Many of the female parents with PND live in stray parts, so for these female parents, free conveyance will be provided. However, if support at the local kids ‘s Centre is cut this may hold a negative impact on this service being offered for the group or any future groups. Leting the female parents with PND, who live in stray countries, the opportunity to go to the support group can hold a important, positive consequence on their depressive symptoms ( Hunker, et Al, 2009 ) . It will be of import to utilize a locale with child care installations. The certain start Centre has been used for a assortment of groups i n the yesteryear and offers a non-stigmatising locale ; a warm and friendly environment. Mothers identified with postpartum depression will be referred to the group and during a place visit, information will be provided so the female parents can make up one’s mind whether they want to come. A telephone call prior to the group will besides be made. Empowering people, leting them to do informed picks and bettering their life accomplishments, which are needed for doing alterations, are all portion of the wellness publicity procedure ( Naidoo A ; Wills, 2000 ) . Many female parents with PND will be in the contemplation phase described in Prochaska and DiClemente ‘s Stages of Change Model ( 1983 ) , where they are cognizant that there is a job but may non be certain or motivated to do the alterations needed. This theoretical account involves the individual traveling through a series of phases when turn toing debatable behavior. Peoples will go through through different phases at their ain gait. Prochaska and DiClimente ( 1982 ) compose how identifying where a in dividual is within the theoretical account will enable the practician to accommodate their intercessions to run into their single demands. This might intend that the wellness visitant offers the female parent listening visits at place ( HCP, 2009 ) until she feels ready to go to the support group. The support group would run over eight hebdomads for one and a half hours and a creche will be provided run by the baby’s room nurses. The wellness visitant and community mental wellness nurse will jointly run the group and will be trained suitably. The purpose of the group will be for female parents to derive support from other female parents in similar state of affairss and with similar experiences ( Alakus et al, 2007 ) . The purpose will be for the female parents to experience less down, better their self-esteem, self-worth, addition assurance, make friendly relationships and develop get bying schemes. To assist the female parents achieve this, the hebdomadal support group will offer both instruction and besides a assortment of taster Sessionss. For illustration, cognitive behavioral therapy, exercising, babe massage and holistic therapies. The beginning of the group will let female parents to portion any events of the past hebdomad. Exercise can be an effectual intervention for postpartum depression every bit good as increasing the female parent ‘s sense of good being and can be a offered in the group as a combination of both exercising and relaxation techniques. Two recent clinical tests found that many adult females are loath to utilize medicine for intervention of PND. The survey besides revealed that exercising can relieve depression every bit efficaciously as medicines, ( Daley, et Al, 2007 ) . Research has shown that infant massage in group work can cut down emphasis endocrines, significantly lessen depression symptoms and besides aid female parents to better relationships with their babes ( Heh, et al 2008 ) . For adult females sing PND cognitive behavioral therapy is the intervention of pick ( NICE, 2007 ) . The Sessionss will assist female parents to dispute negative ideas and modify beliefs specifically associating to motherhood. CBT helps people to prosecute in activities and has been shown to cut down symptoms, better a individual ‘s quality of life and better map ( NICE, 2009 ) . Evaluation is an of import portion of a wellness needs appraisal and rating of any intercession needs to be considered, as highlighted in the clinical administration rules ( Adams A ; Forester, 2002 ) . There are a assortment of assessment methods. To mensurate the effectivity of the group the female parent ‘s original EPDS tonss would be recorded and so they would be asked to make full in another 1 at the terminal of the 8 hebdomads to see if their tonss had improved. Improved EPDS tonss and a decrease in PND could intend that the group could go on to run. Long term effectivity of the group, if it continues, will be seen in the bar or hold of ‘morbidity or mortality, ‘ ( Mitcheson, 2008 ) This may finally take to the decrease of cost for handling people with PND. An effectual manner of measuring the intercession could be through a SWOT appraisal, a technique credited to Humphrey ( 1960-1970s ) . SWOT is a structured method used to place strengths, failings, chance s and menaces. To reason, it can be seen that by working through the phases of a wellness needs appraisal that the demand for an intercession in the writer ‘s country was clearly identified. The literature reviews provided information to help with the apprehension of PND and the effects it can hold on the female parent, household and babe. There is clearly a demand for a more accurate and consistent manner of placing PND and so entering and utilizing the information. For the group to be effectual, it was identified that good collaborative working was indispensable. As the function of the wellness visitant has changed over the old ages, it is of import to show how they can better wellness and cut down inequalities through successful, choice intercessions. Word count 4, 378. How to cite Health Needs Assessment Process Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Management People & Organizations

Question: Discuss about the Management People Organizations. Answer: Introduction The Natural Beauty Shop was based on the principles that have been surrounded by doing no testing on animals, usage of only natural organic products and the ingredients which are supplied from the poor developing countries from various places like South America and Africa. The origin of the ingredients has been taken into considerations the products are not very cheap, but they are of extremely very good quality, which can be recycled and are sold with minimal packaging. In addition to these entire principles dollar, 3 from each product will be donated to the community initiative. Growth was intense from the past three years for the Natural Beauty Shop soon it had to face some key problems with the management. Due to which the sales of the company have fallen to 51 person low and the reputation started to loose along with the quality of the products. These are some of the key problems that are being faced by the company for which appropriate solutions have been designed to protect the company from being at stake. Some of the recommendations are provided in the report to the Natural Beauty Shop for reaching its reputation level to the public and to make profits and gains to never let her go off on the mission. Since her aim was to help the poor developing countries and to protect the environment. Problem Identification and Analysis Management will be having its own share of the rewards and the perks. The manager will be usually in the best position to influence the employees and to lead any kind of changes. Hence, in most of the organizations manager has to be recruited by careful analysis of the internal and the externals strategies and the inbuilt personality. Here the issue is not that the internal process of the company is properly handled rather the recruiting process is not being followed correctly and is being broken in assessing their skills (Alexander, 2013). To make the hiring of the candidate successful, then the key factor is driving the constant communication with the individual. The most common misconception in the hiring process is that the urgency to recruit a person can lead to the sacrificing of the quality of the products, but if they are correctly managed and are properly prioritized then the management will not face the key challenges in their further processing (Bush Middlewood, 2013). The following are some of the key problems which are faced by the organizations and are found relevant to the case study the Natural Beauty shop include: Recruitment: Any organization has to make perfect decisions while recruiting a person for any kind of position as it will affect the performance of the organization later. So here, in this case, the Natural Beauty Shop has chosen the new MD. Even after viewing many of the applications the senior management team finally got settled with the application of Tony Smith. This individual did not have any retail or the beauty experience before, but because of the high recommendation from the previous firm director to the recruiters as being the good accountant though Maggie was a bit hesitant, she was forced by the team to recruit. But later the company started experiencing the drop in sales and growth because of his strange behaviors and commercial business strategies. In this point of view, McClellands Theory of Needs can be related to the concept. As various personalities have to be managed by the MD which is not an easy task, but in order to motivate the people and give appropriate feed back the managing team should be perfect (Bennett Dearden, 2014). The performance problem of the employee is confronted- Dealing with the issues of performance of the employees is found to be the key source for the manager to face upon. While these problems are neither that easy nor hard to deal with. This can be related to the case study of the Natural Beauty Shop that recruiting Mr. Tony as the new MD by the senior management team (Cummings Worley, 2014). The key problem is that Tony has started warning the employees officially who were underperforming. Though these employees were not able to reach their sales goals they are capable enough for getting the excellent reviews from the customers and appropriate in team engagement. As per the concept of McClellands Theory of Needs the employee has to be motivated for his best performance in the organization rather they are assessed on their underperformance and demotivating is being done. Terminating the experienced employees: The organization should always retain the employees who are highly potential enough for improving the sales and growth of the company. Since they are worth, can face highly challenging environment and supports the company and finds a path for career development. But in relation to this case of Natural Beauty Shop, it started hiring the individuals externally from the high school and the young students who are inexperienced and work for fewer wages (Clegg, Kornberger Pitsis, 2015). Hence, the internal process of hiring and promoting the employees has diminished. The workers who are more experienced have lost their working hours all of a sudden. Here Tony Smith strategies are similar to the McGregors Theory X and Y concept, but his works are more relevant to McGregors Theory X where for streamlining the business and for reducing the wastage on the organization he started supervising people at every step and threatened them by warning and gave no incentives or bonus for their work of success (Carroll Buchholtz, 2014). Exclusion of better opportunities: Any individual at some point have to move out of the comfort zone and has to acquire potentials for success in their career. So the assignments that are challenging and accepting new jobs have to be developed by the organization. In the case of Natural Beauty Shop, the program of career development pathways has been removed by the managing team (Fullan, 2014). This problem can be related to the concept of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs in which one of the needs known as self-esteem fits in this issue appropriately. As the employees should be given the opportunities for showing their abilities and skills in developing their career and how it can be useful for organizational success (Goetsch Davis, 2014). In this report, the company has introduced the opportunity of career development program where it should rather encourage the individuals to participate and provided them with appropriate training. Statement of key problems The internal culture of the company the Natural Beauty Shop is driven by the personal values of Maggie. In addition to this, their managers of the firm are also encouraging so the family like work environment was maintained where everyone knows each other and the roles of everyone are understood by each other (Haeckel, 2013). Intense growth has been seen in the past three years for the firm of Natural Beauty Shop which can be known from the expansion of its products to 300 and has opened 15 stores in and around Australia. Due to such growth and gaining of fame, Maggie has made a decision of setting up the new stores in the UK. So she has to hire the new Managing Director to supervise the operations in Australia (Kinicki et al., 2014). Therefore, a leading recruiting company in Sydney was engaged in finding out the new MD for the Natural Beauty Shop Company. After reviewing several applications Tony smith was finally selected (Martin Siebert, 2016). Though he has abilities in making the decision and for increasing the sales he did not have any experience from the beauty and the retail background. The two key problems that can be drawn from the case study are as follows: Things started to change within a week Tony just began with the company. He made an announcement of his focus on streamlining the business and for reducing the wastage and unemployment throughout the firm. This was done for the saving of the maximum funding for expanding the stores overseas. He started getting ingredients from the new suppliers which were of low quality and sometimes it was watered down and it was more of chemicals in them (Rice, 2013). Further, the products that are developed newly had a very low quality when compared to the previous batches. Ultimately the number of complaints from the customers against the stores has increased and also on the social networking sites people started complaining. By this, the sales went down and the relationship with the supply management has diminished. The other change that was made by Tony and which created the key problem in the organization is the removal of the pathways for the career development program. Other than this the employees were warned for their underperformance officially since most of the staff have not met their goals in spite their feedback from the customers being excellent and the perfect maintenance of team engagement (Schwalbe, 2015). Training related to non-product and the non-software has been stopped in order to reduce the costs. The team members from the head offices were told not to work in stores for any longer monthly as it was having an impact on their work performance and the efficiencies. E-business was started which has taken all the focus from the Australian business. This was done for reducing the face to face interactions with customers (Turner, 2014). As he felt that time spent by the sales staff with customers is a waste and is a reducing cost for the Natural Beauty Shop. Generation evaluation of alternative solutions Identifying the problem is a major concern later it has to be evaluated with the range of solutions so that these problems are not recurring in the origination (Yoder-Wise, 2014). For the problems which have been discussed with respect to the case study in terms of management in the Natural Beauty Shop the following are some of the solutions which are suggested for their improvement. Recruitment: The process of recruitment should be simple, but it should be adding value. The area of the business has to be understood and the needs of hiring and on the same basis the search plan have to be designed. As in this case, the person did not have any experience in the beauty field. The initial screening of the candidate has to be performed by evaluating the credentials of the individual who has been selected. The multiple inputs are to be gathered from the pro recruiter. The performance problem of the employee is confronted: The problems related to the performance can be prevented by inputting the practices of better selection and thereby the performance expectations are to be set. If the problem is identified, it has to be engaged with the feedback sooner and faster can get the changes in the behavior rather than warning them officially as in the case of Natural Beauty Shop. As soon as the work performance problems are seen in the workplace, they are to be confronted by giving them fewer tasks and slowly increasing their efficiency. Terminating the experienced employees: In this case of Natural Beauty Shop, the new MD has started terminating the experienced employees for reducing the costs for the company and for expanding their stores worldwide. But that was not the appropriate solution rather if it was brought to the notice of Maggie then the sales growth would not have been affected. Maggie instead of trusting the new MD entirely she should have crosschecked his performance and the operations that were taking place in the Australia. The experienced employees if made an appeal to the CEO would have helped them to a greater extent (Van Wart, 2014). Exclusion of better opportunities: Removing the pathways for the career opportunities is an unethical behavior by Tony Smith. Rather the employees should have made a union and fight for their opportunity would have fetched them in a positive direction (Yoder-Wise, 2014). Complaining the concerns with the higher officials regarding the disruptive behavior and how it is affecting the processes and operations of the organization and the consequences that are being faced can help them retain their jobs. Recommendations The Natural Beauty Shop which is reputed for the naturally made homemade beauty products is facing some of the key management problems due to which the sales and the growth of the company have fallen down literally. There are some recommendations suggested as the alternative solutions for the major problems that are being faced by the company. The credentials of the individual have to be evaluated as the initial screen and the one that is appropriate for the needs of the position and from the similar field are to be recruited to avoid any kind of discrepancies in the firm from an unrelated field. As per McClellands Theory of Needs, the personalities have to manage the entire organization. Implementation According to the McClellands Theory of Needs, the implementation part should be taken care of. For example, the employees should be motivated by their performance and appropriate feedback upon which the training and the tasks set for their efficiencies should be described to them. The McGregors Theory X model discusses the inefficiency of the employees and here Tony was acting accordingly, where the alternative solution was found to be complaining to the CEO. As per the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, the employee should be given opportunities for their career growth, but Tony has eliminated, such opportunities for reducing the expense in the organization. For this, the alternative solution was to raise a complaint against him to superiors. References Alexander, K., 2013. Facilities management: theory and practice. Routledge. Bush, T. and Middlewood, D., 2013. Leading and managing people in education. Sage. Bennett, N.J. and Dearden, P., 2014. Why local people do not support conservation: community perceptions of marine protected area livelihood impacts, governance and management in Thailand. Marine Policy, 44, pp.107-116. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014. Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Clegg, S.R., Kornberger, M. and Pitsis, T., 2015. Managing and organizations: An introduction to theory and practice. Sage. Carroll, A. and Buchholtz, A., 2014. Business and society: Ethics, sustainability, and stakeholder management. Nelson Education. Fullan, M., 2014. Leading in a culture of change personal action guide and workbook. John Wiley Sons. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Haeckel, S.H., 2013. Adaptive enterprise: Creating and leading sense-and-respond organizations. Harvard business press. Kinicki, A., Williams, B.K., Scott-Ladd, B. and Perry, M., 2014. Management: A practical introduction. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Martin, G. and Siebert, S., 2016. Managing people and organizations in changing contexts. Routledge. Rice, A.L., 2013. The enterprise and its environment: A system theory of management organization (Vol. 10). Routledge. Schwalbe, K., 2015. Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Turner, J.R., 2014. The handbook of project-based management (Vol. 92). New York, NY: McGraw-hill. Yoder-Wise, P.S., 2014. Leading and managing in nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Van Wart, M., 2014. Leadership in public organizations: An introduction. Routledge.

Helen Ryland Essay Example

Helen Ryland Essay To what extent should changes in the relationship between monarchy and parliament from 1529 to 1640 be seen as arising from divisions over the future of the church?Until he entered his middle years, Henry VIII was faithful Catholic. His main concern was to gain control of the Churchs vast wealth rather than radically change the liturgy. However, this all changed when Henry tried to put aside his first wife because she had not borne him a male heir (a serious matter for the security of the state). The popes refusal to consent led Henry to reject papal authority and declare himself head of Church by the Act of Supremacy in 1534. He was careful to act in conjunction with Parliament. Thus for a time England remained in most respects Catholic. This is typical of the Post Revisionist view as they saw that different issues could lead to disputes between King and Parliament, but within a framework that can be seen as co-operative.It wasnt until the reign of Edward VI (1547-1553) that reform really took hold. In 1548 an English language order for the administration of Holy Communion was published and the following year a complete Book of Common Prayer appeared. England became a thoroughgoing Protestant state. This is where the monarch encountered its chief parliamentary obstacle. They resisted every step of the Protestant reformation.During Marys reign (1553-1558), England briefly reverted back to Catholicism. She wished to restore Catholicism and papal authority. This provoked fears and opposition from old Henricians loyal to the Kings memory and Edwardian Protestants and in order to do this she had to overcome strong resistance from the House of Commons. There was also opposition of her marriage to Philip II, King of Spain. He was an uncompromising Roman Catholic and was very unpopular in England. There was speculation that he would add strength to Mary to reverse the reformation. Mary gained the title of Bloody Mary because of the large religious persecutions that to ok place. 300 Protestants died as a result of trials for heresy. However she also appointed Protestants to supreme positions, which shows that she did have some toleration towards religion and must have had support in some form. This is typical of the Whig view because they saw that the commons were willing to stand up to the crown over issues they didnt agree with.Elizabeth was completely different to all other monarchs of this period. She was determined to rule a united country. She favoured a moderate reform, which would leave the core doctrine of the church intact, but would embrace the positive elements of the reformation. It consisted of a series of Acts of parliament, which established a revised Book of Common Prayer, the articles of religion and various other minor pieces of legislation. She also founded the Anglican Church, which borrowed principles from both the Roman Catholic and Protestant faiths. The main factor was that in this period of 1559 to 1601 Parliament was wil ling to co-operate with Monarch, even if there were disagreements and criticisms. However there was opposition from the Puritans/Presbyterians, who tried to demolish the Elizabethan settlement. This again is typical of the Post Revisionist view as they co-operated even though there were disagreementsReligion wasnt the only factor influencing the relationship between monarch and parliament.During the 1530s the economy changed. There was increasing discontent over issues such as the introduction of enclosures and inflation in prices. This led to a disruption in traditional village life. This was the only real discontent with finance during the reign of henry as he passed the Statute of wills to ensure co-operation.Money was wasted during Edwards reign due to the war with Scotland in 1547. They gained victory against them, but because the war came late, Scotland was able to look to France for support.Although there was a rebellion in 1549 resulting from economic difficulties, mainly th e enclosures, Mary did a lot to improve the financial situation in Britain. Efforts were made to make revenue collection more efficient by transferring more responsibility to the exchequer, the new book of prayers was introduced in 1558 to improve crown income from custom duties and plans were made to re-value currency after the Great Debasement of the 1540s.Elizabeth was popular among the poorer classes as she encouraged people to grow more food grains in the country, creating more profit and ensured self-sufficiency. One of the main functions of parliament in Elizabeths reign was to fund the government, but this would most probably be apparent for any monarch during the whole period being observed. However the Queen, short of money, granted monopolies to courtiers and royal servants which caused rumblings in parliament, Elizabeth responded with unfulfilled promises of reform. This caused the rumblings to become uproar.This would make co-operation very difficult at this time, which backs up the Whig view, Elizabeth promised things, which she just couldnt fulfil, which leads onto the next issue, the Monarchs personalities.Henry seemed to be quite a stubborn person. If he couldnt get what he wanted then he would change something to make sure things went his way, for example, the rejection of papal authority. He was a bully and had quite an aggressive personality. This can also be seen from the treatment of his wives. Parliament felt intimidated by this, which led them to support him. However when he did reject papal authority, he made sure it was in conjunction with parliament, which shows that he didnt really want to cause conflict between them both.Edward was very young to be a King; he had advisors, which made his decision making easier. Parliament werent always happy, but they co-operated with the monarch.Mary, like Henry was very stubborn. She was a fanatic Catholic, if Protestants fell out of line they were burned to death. She also rejected a parliament petition, which begged her to marry and Englishman. She wouldnt listen to anyone else, except herself.Elizabeth wanted to please everyone; she was over ambitious as this could never work. She promised people things, which she couldnt do. She gave parliament free speech, however they could only speak on subjects, which she addressed. This meant that they couldnt really say what they really felt about certain subjects. This could also be seen as being stubborn because it shows that the monarch decides everything, including when parliament is called and dissolved. Perhaps this is why parliament co-operated with every monarch from 1529 to 1640.As the different monarchs wanted different religious policies, so to would they want different foreign policies.The aims of Henry were to maintain the balance of power in Europe, to resist the power of enemies of England and to dominate European politics. Henry joined the holy league intending to drive France out of Italy. He made peace with Franc e after the marriage alliance of his sister Mary. But after the terms of his alliance with Spain expired, Henry declared war with France. The Scots refused to accept the marriage proposal of Henrys son for their daughter and he invaded and burned Edinburgh. He crushed an Irish revolt against the supremacy of England and acquired the title King of Ireland. He divided the country into many provinces and included Wales with England. England was looked upon as the most important political nation of Europe, this increased parliaments co-operation with henry due to the status England had gained.Marys marriage to Philip, King of Spain, in 1554 provoked a lot of discontent among parliament and the English public. They knew he would have influence over Marys foreign policy. She was put under enormous pressure from Philip to declare war with France and by doing this, she put English foreign policy back to its traditional anti-French footing. Together, with Spain they achieved victory, but Spa in was financially distraught and France had the ability to recover and seize Calais from England, a huge blow to England. This symbolised the limited role, which England could now play in Foreign affairs. This was humiliating to Mary, and the public proved her wrong.Elizabeth framed her foreign policy with the intense ambition that England should emerge as an important nation, socially, politically, religiously and economically. She encouraged internal differences and revolts in European countries to give England room to grow more powerful in the community of European nations. Anglo-Spanish relations had already deteriorated but Elizabeth didnt desire to have the same relations with France and decided to remain neutral when Scotland requested help. She later helped them against France, but secretly so she could maintain relations with France and Scotland. A revolt broke out in Ireland at the same time the Pope excommunicated with Elizabeth. She sent the Earl of Essex to suppress th e revolt and Ireland became under the control of England. As with all the issues included in the Elizabethan period, parliament co-operated with whatever the monarch did as she had overall power. This backs up the Revisionist view, it shows that Crown, Lords and Commons existed in reasonable harmony.This leads onto the next issue, constitutional issues, who held power in this period? Henry broke with Rome and amongst many other things ended Wales being a separate country with England. This shows that he held the power and that Parliament supported whatever he did. However as stated in his personality issue, he was intimidating and aggressive which led them to support him. But having said this parliament did seem to gain some power at least. They passed legislation more frequently, they were allowed to discuss religious policy, although the powers of parliament were changed to facilitate Henrys will, which meant all of this was down to what Henry wanted, not what parliament wanted.Be cause Edward was so young to be King, his advisors took control of most things in the country. It is stated that he was no longer a powerful, adult King, no longer a royal focus of loyalty but divisive aristocratic politics. The nobles of the country were taking control of the country not the monarch nor parliament. In Edward and Marys reigns factions developed within parliament. In Edwards reign, this caused a lack of leadership and social and economic problems developed. However when measures had to be taken, there was co-operation. Backing up the Post Revisionist view.During Marys reign, there were still factions, however they all co-operated to restore an effective government. This is shown when parliament drew up a document in conflict with Philip, they didnt agree with the marriage, which backs up the Revisionist view because they saw parliaments principle function as advising the monarch. Parliament spoke for themselves and the English public in their opposition to the execut ions of Protestants. Catholicism spread as a result. This doesnt show that they held the power though because Mary ignored it and Married him anyway.Cranmer, Ridley and Latimer were imprisoned and executed, removing the major sources of opposition. Mary had overall constitutional control, although she had a lot of opposition which spread and she couldnt put an end to it.Parliament showed that it had some power as the monarch granted monopolies because of the financial situation. This led to uproars within parliament; the monarchy was forced to act. Parliament was only functioning as an advisory and legislative body in Elizabeths reign, although they could give influences, policies were always made by the monarch. This again backs up the Revisionist view, of parliament as a legislative and advisory body. Elizabeth granted them free speech, however this was restricted as they could only speak on matters brought up by the monarch. Thus, Elizabeth held constitutional power.The final iss ue to address was the other individuals involved in advising the different monarchs during this period of investigation.Thomas Wolsey was known for bribing people. He tried to bribe the Pope into allowing the annulment of Henrys marriage to Catherine of Aragon. This didnt work, he was later executed. Seymour embarked on a political career. To promote his ambitions, he looked to parliament for support but instead he was attained and executed. Anne Boleyn caused a lot of conflict when her marriage to Henry was pronounced legal by Cranmer. Cromwell believed that Anne must go, as he couldnt legitimate Mary. He turned against her and made implies for a divorce. Sir Thomas Moore, Lord Chancellor, and bishop, John Fisher, were both executed for failing to recognise Henry as the head of Church. Thomas Joyle canvassed support in the Houses of Lords and Commons. He must have had a lot of influence over legislation.Somerset, during Edwards reign, practically ruled the country for Edward. He to ok control over all issues. But people were against him no matter what he did. The war with Scotland was left too late, which meant Scotland could look to France for support. He was quite tolerant on religion, but he had many pressures on him. He failed to satisfy radical Protestants yet alarmed traditional Catholics. He didnt have much political experience, leading to conflict with parliament, which backs up the Whig view. He was later imprisoned and executed in 1552. Northumberland took over from Somerset and sorted all issues out. He gained a lot of support. He ended the war with France, advanced the protestant faith, making a more decisive statement of national beliefs and restored government finances by strengthening the currency and tackling a wider range of social grievances, which backs up the revisionist view as it shows Co-operation. This wasnt to last though, Edwards health was failing.Gardner caused conflict in parliament. He led opposition in the House of Lords against Marys marriage to Philip of Spain. Factions developed as a result. The main individual in Marys reign was her husband, Philip of Spain. He led her into war against the peoples will. It ended badly as France recovered from the war and seized Calais from England.The Wentworths were perhaps the most heroic figures during Marys reign. They took the lead in defending free speech. They strove for full, free and unrestricted speech on all subjects. This backs up the Whig view as it shows parliament defending their rights and privileges. The Queen reacted by imprisoning them. It didnt have an effect on the House of Commons because they didnt see it as important, but they were heroic because they stood up to the Queen and no one had done that before. Burghleys demand for a triple subsidy provoked angry outbursts, furious debate and protest at the Lords infringement of the Commons liberties. Norton was the best defence against Catholicism, making lots of speeches, written arguments and had th e skill of a parliamentary draftsman. He had lots of support and had some success. Harsher penal laws were put against catholic recusants; he didnt have control over the commons though.After addressing all of the issues involved during this period, I believe that religion was not the most important or the only factor influencing changes in the relationship between monarchy and parliament from 1529 to 1640. I believe that the most important factors were other individuals because this caused the most conflict and constitutional issues, as this was the main factor for co-operation.

Learn How To Write A Perfect Thematic Essay

Learn How To Write A Perfect Thematic Essay How to Write the Best Thematic Essay Sometimes, students are scared when being assigned a thematic essay. But don’t worry; we are sure you’ve written tons of thematic essays already, they just were called differently, for example, analytical or research essay. However, a thematic essay is not the same as those ones, but sometimes professors do not give exact writing instructions. A thematic essay is an essay discussing a phenomenon, concept, or theme. Here you should use all the skills you mastered when writing previous essays. The skills you will need to write your thematic essay include writing in a well-organized manner, presenting evidence, and supporting your thesis. Thematic Essay Definition Sometimes, professors call any assignment on literature a thematic essay. And, very often teachers assign any essays revolving a certain subject or theme in any branch of life as thematic essays. Some professors think that a thematic essay can be written only about literary devices, i.e. you will have to create a thesis around metaphor, symbolism, or hyperbole, for example. Your task will be to take a motif in the literature and create a thesis around that motif. The motif can be different, for example, success, self-knowledge, lost love, etc. As you can see, the approaches of teachers to thematic essays are very different. One of such common topics is How does William Shakespeare use young love bloom to spread the tragedy seeds in Romeo and Juliet? And here is the example of a thesis on that topic: Mental superiority and infallibility of youth are consistently demonstrated by Shakespeare as means of creating the fundament for the later tragedy. You can select a motif or literary device typical for the text and craft an original thesis. Eventually, your task is to prove the thesis with the help of evidence from the text in a coordinated way. Nowadays, teachers assign more thematic essays not related to literature, they simply link thematic essays with various challenged in social human existence.   It means that you will have to do some deeper research. However, you should realize that the reader might not see the thematic essay issue in the same way as you do. That’s why make sure to provide very tight evidence. A thematic essay might require you to write about some very sensitive social problems, so make sure to use light and elegant words not to make your reader disagree with you. Be focused on your central argument at all times. Let’s Write a Thematic Essay Step By Step Choose the best topic to cover your thematic essay. It can be abusage in the workplace if you write about the exploitation of servants in Victorian England, for example. Select a quote, fact, joke, or statistic related to your best topic and create a hook. Link that topic to the narrower one and discuss it in two-three sentences. Provide the thesis. Write three separate topic sentences for each paragraph provided. For example: 1) The exploitation of servants was a means of participating in darker impulses for the wealthy. 2) The exploitation of servants was caused by poor patterns of communication and politeness of the elite society. 3) The exploitation of servants used the most vulnerable society members, and, thus, was opportunistic. Support each topic sentence by providing evidence from history and top sources. State your thesis again in a different manner. Use new vocabulary to recap the main points in a conclusive paragraph. Now the perspective has to be linked to a bigger social issue. Outline Some students don’t pay much attention to writing an outline while they consider it to be a waste of time. However, writing an outline will make everything clearer and will guide you through your essay. Outline Sample Introduction Interesting fact, joke, statistic, or quote which will be a hook. Up to three sentences relating specific theme. Statement of thesis: Second paragraph First topic sentence supporting the thesis. Evidence supporting that claim and explanation of its relevancy or efficiency. Third paragraph Second topic sentence supporting the thesis. Evidence supporting that claim and explanation of its relevancy or efficiency. Fourth paragraph Third topic sentence supporting the thesis. Evidence supporting that claim and explanation of its relevancy or efficiency. Conclusion Reiterate your thesis. Recall three primary points. Link a perspective to a greater picture of life, history, society, etc. issue. Introduction In order to write an introduction, you should complete several tasks at a time, so it might be a bit confusing. From the very first line, it’s necessary to capture the attention of the reader, present him a wider topic and take them to a more specific one. When your experience in writing essays is not that big, it might be tough. However, if you have troubles with writing an introduction, you can go to your thesis and get back to it later. You will find it much easier to write an introduction after you have finished your essay already. Body Paragraphs The body of your thematic essay requires you to think well and write the strongest topic sentences. In your body paragraphs, you should show you’re able to research, collect and organize evidence and make an analysis. Remember that each topic sentence is to be supported by evidence. Initially, topic paragraphs can be written in a certain order, but later, you can restructure them if it is needed. Yes, it happens that the third paragraph should be first eventually, or the first paragraph should become second. Once the essay is written, take your time and check the body paragraphs order again, while the flow of your ideas has to be nice and understandable. Conclusion Before writing a conclusion, take a break and refresh your mind. The reader should have a clear closure after all. In conclusion, it is necessary to remind your reader about the most important points of the essay and help him understand the general sense of its ending. Topics for Your Thematic Essay History How the Civil displayed progress versus tradition? How the seeds of the Great Depression were sowed by the Roaring Twenties? How the notion of brotherhood was undermined in the Civil War? Discuss how human beings created a royal class in modern times and antiquity. What is the role of religion in civilized nations? Human Rights Can we deny the Holocaust? What are the LGBT rights trends in America for the last decade? Discuss the civil rights movements. Nationalism The Neo-Nazi and the KKK movements. American Revolution and nationalism. Is there any connection between nuclear weaponry and nationalism? We Can Help A thematic essay is assigned to you to check if you can create an original essay using the concepts or trends around the events in history or a piece of literature.   It is a real challenge to brainstorm a thesis unconventionally. Sometimes it seems impossible to find the most proper evidence for your thesis. We get lots of request from students like you, who get stuck with their thematic essay, and we are here to help. Our top writers have created tons of thematic essays and they are always inspired to create a masterpiece for you. Our experts know exactly what teachers want from you and how they evaluate your works, so they will be able to write a perfect thematic essay for you! Conclusion Don’t be scared when you are assigned a thematic essay, while it is the same essay you have already mastered before. All you need to do it to create a more specific thesis around more precise trend or concept. Once you do that, write an essay using the same structure as for all the previous ones. Your main problem might be connected not with writing itself but with finding unique ideas to support your writing. It’s necessary to set your imagination free and think in some new directions for your essay to be unique and successful. And if you need professional help and support, you know where to find us!

Lead Presentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lead Presentation - Essay Example In the present report, we will concentrate upon different approaches to calculating payment to the staff, with especial emphasis upon the use of performance-based and skill-based payment systems, and compensation packages. Whereas there are several types of salary (fixed, performance-based, skill-based, etc.), each having its merits and demerits, the companies choose the one that corresponds ideally to the profession, style of work, and even personal traits of workers. It is a well-known phenomenon that whereas some categories of employees are motivated by high salaries, others prefer getting compensation package rather than big salary. For companies' managers, it is often difficult to choose between offering their employees high salary, on the one hand, and other benefits on the other. Let us therefore consider two types of payment and compensation packages, and how their use influences the performance of the employees. Skill-based system of employees' remuneration certainly has both advantages and disadvantages: on the one hand, it makes the task of calculating the payment for each worker easier for the company's management and allows to attract and retain highly skilled personnel, but on the other hand it takes into account skills rather than actual performance and therefore people get more not because they work hard but because of their background. Sometimes employees with better skills perform worse than those who are less skilled, and in these cases such a system of payment will affect the quality of work, lower employees' motivation, and even destroy team spirit. Yet, it may be argued that those who had been able to develop a certain amount of skills are those whose motivation and performance are high, and the system of skill-based payment works under the condition that certain rules are stuck to. First of all, it is crucial that the employees understand the way the payment is calculated, and fully committed to the company so that there are no doubts as for its fair attitude to staff. (Schuster, 1998) Secondly, the company's management has to make sure that the skills the workers acquire correspond to the company's goals, since it has been pinpointed that skill-based pay is likely to cause problems in cases when the skills acquired by the staff 'become outdated or if the skills are not being used to the fullest by the company'. (Ashish et al. 2004) Therefore, the company should "reflect the button of an employees learned skills to the achievement of company goals". (Fox 2002) 2.2. Compensation packages Perhaps the main argument in favor of company's using compensation packages is that this brings the employees to a considerable degree of commitment making them regard their company as stable, reliable, and caring about its staff's wellbeing. Nowadays, practically any respectable company offers their staff compensation packages of some sort which may include bonuses, holding companies' stocks, getting discounts, medical insurance, etc. (What does a total compensation package include, 2001; Compensation package, 2005; Evaluating the total compensation package, 2005) Free trainings and courses are also extremely motivating, especially for the young

Report writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report writing - Assignment Example This is the time when the kids get the basics of communications by learning meanings of words, understand grammar and eventually construct sentences and speak fluently. At the same time being able to learn how to communicate using voice, tone, gesture, facial expressions, and body language. (Evesham & Media). As said by Dowling, it is important for parents and teachers to know that communication among children begin from birth. Although they cannot speak at this age, they are able to communicate by crying. They hear and recognize different voices and even languages. Caregivers, teachers and parents play a very vital role in the child’s communication development at this stage. The child should be taught language and speeches since their brain development is faster than any other time of life (Dowling 2010, p.87). This is corroborated by Lindon when he says that the first three years of a child is when the brain cells are developed and therefore it is very critical in the development of the child’s communications skills and that is the reason great attention and care should be taken in what the child hears and sees at this time (Dowling 2010, p.87; Lindon 2012, p.46). It is evident that there has not been much attention on this leading to poor communication among children. There is a worrying trend among the young children since most of them lack personal, emotional and social development at an early age will lead to poor communication. Fox & Lentini says that behavioral problems in children’s development is influenced by the lifestyle of parents. Early exposure to domestic violence and other family problems do have impact on the child’s development. Janice, Masi & Vick adds that parental attachment is an important aspect of emotional and social development of children. The social and emotional health of a child is highly dependent on the attachment to their parents. Poor parental attachment has a negative impact. The mental health of caregivers and

Intermediate coporate finance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Intermediate coporate finance - Research Paper Example But of late the U.S. has become to a lesser extent reliant on China’s funding of its deficits predominantly as the U.S. classified saving rate has increased and the current account shortage has decreased. However, the mere scale of the U.S. shortage funding need which is approximately $1.6 trillion budget deficit in 2010 and forecast of almost $9 trillion of shortages over the next decade in the markets of bond and currency are delicate (Prasad, 2010). On the other hand an abrupt activity by China to move uncompromisingly out of U.S. dollar designated instruments, or even a declaration to such an extent, would work as a set off around the jumpy market sentiments resulting to a quick plunge in bond prices and the rate of the U.S. dollar. At the same time China would also be facing huge capital loss since its majority holdings are in the U.S. Treasury market. This would also end up in reduction of the Treasury bond rates due to increase in interest rates or even if the renminbi appreciated in value comparative to the U.S. dollar (Prasad, 2010). Over the past years trade amongst the two economies has seen consistent increase in quantity and China’s foremost export market is US. The exports from China, to the U.S. sprang up from $100 billion in 2000 to $296 billion in 2009, and at the same time the imports increased from $16 billion to $70 billion. Thus there has been a fixed percentage of export to the US by China which is 21% right through from 1998 to 2006 but this percentage fell to 18 during 2007-2009. On the other hand even though there has been increase in the exports of US to China the percentage still remains below 5 (Prasad and GU, 2009). Many of the spiny consequences in the bilateral relationship amongst these two countries can be described as the growth of the mounting bilateral U.S. trade deficit with China. This shortage sprang up from about $84 billion in 2000 to nearly $227 billion in 2009. This figure of

Traditional Chinese Culture And Chinese Marriage Theology Religion Essay

Traditional Chinese Culture And Chinese Marriage Theology Religion Essay Marriage is an important part of life. Different cultures have their own tradition to celebrate this big event. Through understanding the traditional customs of marriage, we could learn more about the nations culture and values. In this essay, features of traditional Chinese marriage will be introduced and we will look at how Chinese Culture and traditional values are involved and influence the traditional Chinese marriage culture. Introduction First of all, we should have some brief understanding on some basic traditional values about families and the ancient Chinese society. In traditional Chinese culture, the family units are the basic units of the society which forms the nation. When the family units are well-ordered, the society will then become well-organized and eventually form a harmonious nation. And for thousand years, Confucianism has a very deep influence to Chinese culture and has significant impact in different aspects of the Chinese society. Confucianism is a philosophy which emphasizes on the moral ethics of peoples behaviours in daily life. It is a set of moral and ethical rules or ideas that dictate how a person should behave. It plays a key role in forming the social norms of the Chinese society (Yu 69). Patriarchal Society and values Traditional Chinese families are clan and patriarchal based. A clan is composed by descendants of the same ancestors and families which inherit the same surname. A clan emphasis greatly on kinship and blood relationship, they are regarded as an extension and the continuity of the family. Traditional family always put the clans interests above personal interests and personal honor as the clans honor and shame are closely related to one self. These values play a significant role in traditional Chinese marriage culture. Marriage in WuLun (à ¤Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬ Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ «) In Confucianism, one of ethical and moral rules on the individuals and social interaction is WuLun (à ¤Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬ Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ «) . WuLun indicates the five major relationships within a society. The Five Relationships are King to subject, Father to son, Husband to wife, Elder brother to younger brother and Friend to friend (Yu 94). Maintaining good relationships will stability and prosperity of the society and embrace the whole nation to live in harmony. One of the relationships which I would like to mention is Husband to wife, in other words, it is about marriage. To the Confucians, marriage is important to both the clan and the society. The marriage not only symbolizes the joining of two individuals but also the joining of two families with different surnames. Therefore, marriage can act as a medium to connect different families and clans to form a society and even nations. To certain extent, a good relationship of marriage is believed to bring harmony to the society and the whol e world is a big family. Arranged Marriage and matching For traditional Chinese marriage, lots of constraints were also attached with. First of all, a marriage is always pre-arranged by parents, but not based on the couples love and own choice. One of the reasons is that the marriages are usually associated with political reasons and benefits. But the most important one is that the marriage is a major family event and it is a matter of the clan, therefore the marriage must be decided by the parents and individuals must subject to eldership. Brides and grooms will only see or know each other until the wedding day comes ( Gu 137). Moreover, as the Chinese said, Bamboo door to bamboos one, wood door to woods one. To choose an ideal partner, the wealth and social status of the family must also take into consideration. To the male side, the marriage is directly affecting the prosperity and the reputation of their family in the future. The fame of the family and social status of the family is extremely important in traditional Chinese value. People would tend to look for potential families who had similar or same social status as they were to marry with. Therefore a boy who comes from a wealthy family will never be permitted by his parents to marry a girl from a poor family. Confucians emphasize on Li à §Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ® Li, or the rites, are the guidelines for people to behave properly. It emphasizes respect to others and surroundings through rules and ceremonies. The ideas of Li are closely related to ethics, human nature and social order in society. Li is essential and favourable to society because it encourages and reminds people to aware and fulfills their responsibilities towards others. Three Letters Six etiquettes à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ­Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ ® Marriage also has guidelines and rites to follow and procedures are written down in the Book of Rites. Each of the complex procedures has its own symbolic meaning and part of the essential processes in traditional Chinese wedding are the Three Letters Six etiquettes. The Three Letters are the betrothal letter, gift letter and the wedding letter. These letters are the formal documents with the meaning of engagement, gift and confirmation of the marriage. The Six etiquettes are proposal, assessing birth date, presenting betrothal gifts, presenting wedding gifts, setting a wedding date, and finally the wedding ceremony (Chinese Social Customs). Proposal: After the parents of the male side choose a girl, they would then find a matchmaker and her role is to propose and present the male familys request to the girls family and parents. Birth date assessment: If the brides parents did not oppose to the marriage, the matchmaker would ask the birth date and hour of the bride to ensure the couples compatibility. If there were signs of conflicts between the numbers, which is believed to bring disasters to both families, then the proposed marriage will abandoned immediately. Presenting betrothal gifts: After both of the birth dates and hours were approved, the bridegrooms family would ask the matchmaker to arrange and present betrothal gifts to the brides family along with the betrothal letter. Presenting wedding gifts: The bridegrooms family would send wedding gifts formally to the brides family. Gifts usually include tea, beans, oranges, pomegranates, bridal cakes, coconuts, wine, red hair braids, lilies and many other delicacies, each with symbolic meaning in the wedding and the gifts can also show the familys wealth Setting a wedding date: An auspicious date is select for the wedding ceremony. Ceremony: On that day, the bridegroom departs his own home and play loud and cheerful music along the way to the brides home. During the wedding ceremony, both bride and groom have to stand side by side and make three bows. Three bows is the most important rites in the ceremony. The first bow is made to the Heaven and Earth and ancestors. The second bow is to parents and the third one is to each other. (Chinese Wedding traditions) From the above wedding procedures Three Letters Six etiquettes, two main traditional Chinese values can be observed. First, under the Confucian worldview, Chinese believe that the world is structured by sancai (Heaven, Earth and Human) and they all share the same nature and this nature is characterized by harmony. Confucian considers people and nature as a whole and any confrontation with the nature will destroy the harmony. Therefore, assessing birth dates and hours for choosing the correct bride and setting an appropriate wedding date is to avoid any confrontation between the nature and human. Choosing the right bride and right date can avoid any disasters from happening and prevent bad luck, and the marriage is then considered as auspicious, which brings good fortune. Second, the ceremonies show the significance of filial piety. Amongst the 100 virtues, filial piety come first. Filial piety can be referring to full respect and unquestioning obedience to parents. But it is more than that. Confucians consider filial piety as the most important virtue and must be shown not only towards to parents and elders, but also the dead. Reverence for ancestors and worship them is also part of the filial piety. People believe that the ancestor in heaven will bring peace and happiness to the clan descendants. Filial piety, by extension, is showing respect to the past and to the whole nation. We could see this virtue easily from the Three Bows in the wedding ceremony. The wedding ceremony takes place at the family hall because it is an important event for the family, the clan and ancestors. The three bows first shows great respect to the nature and then show filial piety to ancestor and parents. And in another ceremony, tea ceremony, the new couples have to kneel down while serving tea to parents and elder in order to show filial piety to them (Katie). Male superiority in Chinese traditional family As mentioned earlier, the traditional Chinese adopted Patriarchy. It is a social system that male is central to both family and society, and where men hold authority and power over children and women. It shows the higher status of male than female, in terms of power and marriage. In traditional Chinese society, men were thought to be the one to continue on with the family line. For this reason, men had a higher status than women in both family and society, as they were the powerful ones who could lead and organize the whole family, even to sustain the continuity of the family (Lan, Peng, Mei 126 ) For women, they were only being characterized as assisting men in traditional family; they had relatively low social status by then. The saying A woman lacking in talent and learning is virtuous shows the difference between men and women, which womens role would only be a stay-home mother who takes care of the rest and breed. Inheritance of the family line is the most important Under the influence of patriarchy, another reason for having marriage is to give birth to the next generation, as the major role of women back then. In order to successfully give birth to a boy, men would get married with more than one wife, which were allowed in the traditional society. It was not being seen as problematic because having children and sustaining a family was vital for all in the old times. In the other hand, this also shows the low status of women in traditional Chinese society. The seven reasons for divorce can best illustrate the phenomenon. The seven reasons is a list of behaviors for which a man would be justified in divorcing his wife. The most concerned one criterion in relation to the continuity of family would be the third one a woman could be divorced if she did not bear a child. People see family as the most important element in society. Although womens social status was relatively low, they had played an important role in giving birth to children. This was also their mainly function in a marriage life. That is why if a woman is incapable of carrying a child, the meaning to the marriage to her husband would be gone. So men could use such reason to marry another wife or divorce the wife who couldnt give birth to a child. Conclusion Lots of Chinese traditional culture and values are found in the culture of Chinese marriage. For traditional Chinese marriage, the benefits of families were always more important than individuals. The traditional Chinese marriage was pre-arranged between parents of two families. And traditional Chinese marriage involves lots of complex procedures. Among them, they shows the great emphasis on rites (Li) in Chinese traditional culture and among the rites and the rules, we could easily observe one of the most important virtues filial piety. Children should always respect parents and ancestors. Traditional Chinese people also emphasis on maintain harmony with the nature, they believed that human and nature were united, that is why the new couples have to bow to the Heaven and Earth first during the Three Bows. In Patriarchal society, male are superior to female and the inheritance of the family line is significantly important. To do so, male can get married with multiple wives and divorc e any wife that couldnt give birth to child. (Word Count:2020)